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GREEN HOUSE PRINCIPLE OF CULTIVATION
PRINCIPLE OF GREEN HOUSE CULTIVATION: Green houses are climate controlled and always a constant and stable state of temperature, humidity, moisture, Arial condition is maintained irrespective of the outside climate and season. Green houses chambers have a variety of applications, the majority being, off-season growing of vegetables, floriculture, planting material acclimatization, fruit crop growing for export market and plant breeding and varietals improvement.
COMPONENTS OF GREEN HOUSE
- Green House G.I. structure.
- Covering material-UV stabilized Polyethylene / Polycarbonate / Acrylic.
- Root Ventilation & Side wall roll up curtains.
- Cooling pad and Fan System.
- Shading / Thermal net Manually / motorized.
- Micro Irrigation System.
- Fertigation System
- Misting System.
- Heating System.
- CO2 Generator.
- Control System - Manual / Semi Automatic / Automatic. Fully Computerized / Weather Station.
- Planting material, soil media.
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is one mode of chromatography; the most widely used analytical technique. Chromatographic processes can be defined as separation techniques involving mass-transfer between stationary and mobile phases.
HPLC utilizes a liquid mobile phase to separate the components of a mixture.
Introduction Basic HPLC system
1. Eluent bottle (mobile phase)
2. Pump
3. Injection valve with sample loop
4. Column (packed, porous material
5. Detector (UV, Fluorescence, Refractometry)
Application:
1. Separation of mixed components
2. Qualitative analysis / Quantitative analysis
3. Preparation of interest components
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Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry |
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Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) is one of the so-called hyphenated analytical techniques. As the name implies, it is actually two techniques that are combined to form a single method of analyzing mixtures of chemicals. Gas chromatography separates the components of a mixture and mass spectroscopy characterizes each of the components individually. By combining the two techniques, an analytical chemist can both qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate a solution containing a number of chemicals
Application:
1. Identification and quantization of volatile and semi volatile organic compounds in complex mixtures
2. Determination of molecular weights and (sometimes) elemental compositions of unknown organic compounds in complex mixtures
3. Structural determination of unknown organic compounds in complex mixtures both by matching their spectra with reference spectra and by a priori spectral interpretation Common Applications
4. Analysis of industrial products for quality control
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Instrument Details nalytical chemistry is the science of accurate and precise qualitative and quantitative measurements involving chemical systems. Spectroscopy is defined as the interaction of light and matter and has both physical and analytical applications. Physical spectroscopists use emitted light, absorbed light, or scattered light in order to understand the mechanics of a chemical system. Analytical spectroscopists use the same physical processes to determine the content and concentration of the atomic and molecular species present in a chemical system.
Application:ICP-OES for analytes of heavy metal such as silver, arsenic, beryllium, and mercury.
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FT-Near-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (NIR) |
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NIR spectroscopy is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of the absorption of near-infrared light by a sample. Near-infrared light spans the 800 nm - 2.5 µm (12,500 - 4000 cm-1) range and is energetic enough to excite overtones and combinations of molecular vibrations to higher energy levels. NIR spectroscopy is typically used for quantitative measurement of organic functional groups, especially O-H, N-H, and C=O. Detection limits are typically 0.1% and applications include pharmaceutical, agricultural, polymer, and Instrumentation
Application:FT-NIR is excellent alternative traditional identification and classification methods of herbal extracts used in nutraceuticals, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Application:
NIR spectroscopy is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of the absorption of near-infrared light by a sample. Near-infrared light spans the 800 nm - 2.5 µm (12,500 - 4000 cm-1) range and is energetic enough to excite overtones and combinations of molecular vibrations to higher energy levels. NIR spectroscopy is typically used for quantitative measurement of organic functional groups, especially O-H, N-H, and C=O. Detection limits are typically 0.1% and applications include pharmaceutical, agricultural, polymer, and Instrumentation
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Application:
This fermenter is widely used in microorganism lab of academe and company. It's an ideal instrument for exact fermenteing experimentation. It can be applied to the selection of culture medium component and dosage, optimizing of fermenting technology parameter and test of fermentation technics or bacteria seeds. It especially suits the long term culture and proliferates of microbes. |
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UV/VIS Double Beam Spectrophotometer: |
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Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) involves the spectroscopy of photons in the UV-visible region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent (near ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR)) ranges. The absorption in the visible ranges directly affects the color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, molecules undergo electronic transitions
Application:UV/Vis spectroscopy is routinely used in the quantitative determination of solutions of transition metal ions and highly conjugated organic compounds
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Laminar Air Flow - Horizontal : |
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Clean benches are designed to protect biological specimens by bathing the work area with HEPA filtered air that is free of particulate contamination. They were developed as an adjunct to clean room technology (the need to protect the work from contamination). In recent years, the use of the clean bench has spread from research and manufacturing to other fields such as aerospace, bioscience, pharmaceutical production and food processing.Application:Laminar airflow is airflow in which the entire body of air within a confined area moves in a unidirectional velocity along parallel flow lines. In such cases, the fluid flow is free of macroscopic fluctuations. |
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B.O.D Application:
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubators enable end users to determine levels of organic matter and nitrogen in wastewater samples. This wastewater must be effectively measured for contaminates, treated and then released back into the environment without posing a threat to the water supply system. |
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FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE : |
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INTRODUCTION:
A fluorescence microscope is much the same as a conventional light microscope with added features to enhance its capabilities.
- The conventional microscope uses visible light (400-700 nanometers) to illuminate and produce a magnified image of a sample.
- A fluorescence microscope, on the other hand, uses a much higher intensity light source which excites a fluorescent species in a sample of interest. This fluorescent species in turn emits a lower energy light of a longer wavelength that produces the magnified image instead of the original light source.
Application:
The refinement of epi-fluorescent microscopes and advent of more powerful focused light sources, such as lasers, has led to more technically advanced scopes such as the confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSM shown on right) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopes (TIRF).
CLSM's are invaluable tools for producing high resolution 3-D images of subsurfaces in specimens such as microbes. Their advantage is that they are able to produce sharp images of thick samples at various depths by taking images point by point and reconstructing them with a computer rather than viewing whole images through an eyepiece.
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